Symptoms of PCOS may vary between individuals and in severity. Not everyone with PCOS will have all the symptoms and very few women will have the same set of symptoms.
The principal signs and symptoms of PCOS are related to menstrual disturbances and elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Menstrual disturbances can include delay of normal menstruation, the presence of fewer than normal menstrual periods, or the absence of menstruation for more than three months. Menstrual cycles may not be associated with ovulation and therefore may be quite heavy.
Symptoms related to elevated androgen levels include acne, excess hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism) and male-pattern hair loss.
Other signs and symptoms of PCOS include:
- obesity
- elevated insulin levels and insulin resistance
- sub fertility or infertility
- elevated cholesterol
- hypertension
- multiple, small cysts in the ovaries
Being overweight worsens insulin resistance and the existing symptoms of PCOS. Some women with PCOS will only show symptoms once they gain weight. The symptoms of PCOS can therefore be reduced if a healthy weight and lifestyle is achieved.
12 to 18 percent of women of reproductive age have PCOS. This increases to up to 30 per cent in overweight women. With the obesity epidemic in Australia, the prevalence of PCOS and the severity of the symptoms of PCOS are both likely to increase. This means a healthy lifestyle and weight management is important not only in treating PCOS, but also in preventing it.
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