Formal vs Incidental Exercise

When most people hear the word exercise they think of gym programs, organised sport and brisk morning walks. Whilst this is exercise, it is more accurately defined as ‘formal exercise’.
In addition to this however, the exercise you obtain from going about your daily activities is known as ‘incidental exercise’. Everyday tasks such as shopping, gardening and hanging out the washing can also offer health benefits similar to the benefits of a structured exercise program.
Regular exercise can:

• Help prevent heart disease, stroke and hypertension or high blood pressure
• Reduce the risk of developing Type II Diabetes and some cancers
• Help build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints therefore reducing the risk of injury
• Promote psychological well-being

Although formal and incidental exercise are different, they are both important.  It is therefore recommended that you should partake in a combination of both types of exercise according to the Australian recommendations, which are outlined below:

Formal Exercise

The Australian Guidelines for Exercise recommend that you partake in 150 minutes of planned formal exercise per week.  Ideally, you should aim to build up to five sessions per week for 30+ minutes each session. Exercise should be performed at a moderate-intensity; this should cause a slight but noticeable increase in your breathing and heart rate.  If you’re exercising to lose weight as well as keeping healthy, it is recommended that you exceed these recommendations. 

A general guideline for weight loss is:
Energy expenditure > Energy intake

This means that you should burn more energy than you consume through eating. Aim to accumulate 300 minutes per week, such as five one hour sessions. Formal exercise should consist mostly of aerobic activities such as running, brisk walking, cycling, and swimming as they are best for cardiovascular health.

Resistance exercise should also be included in your program to build and maintain muscle strength and to keep bones and joints strong.  The recommendation for resistance exercise is to complete 10 strength exercises, with 8 to 12 repetitions at least twice a week.

Remember: If you haven’t been involved in formal exercise recently or you have a problem with your health, you should always see your doctor before starting an exercise program.

Incidental Exercise

It can be hard to find time to exercise in today’s world with busy work schedules, family obligations, and hectic weekends.  But maintaining good health is vital and should not be overlooked.  Reaching the recommended amount of physical activity may not be as difficult as you think!  The key is to increasing incidental exercise, and therefore change some of your daily lifestyle habits to promote more movement. 

The following are some ideas to assist you in reaching your exercise goals:

• Take the stairs – instead of taking the lift or escalator, use the stairs and give your glutes and thighs an extra workout!
• Shop till you drop – whilst shopping use a basket when possible and carry your shopping bags to the car instead of using a trolley
• Extra walking – when driving to work or shopping, park your car further away than normal and walk the extra distance. If you take public transport, hop off one stop early and walk the extra distance
• Whilst at work - walk and talk if you are on a cordless or mobile phone; go for a short brisk walk during lunch; speak to someone in person instead of sending an email or calling them on the phone
• Around the home – ditch the remote control and stand up to change the channel, or exercise during the ad breaks.  Do the gardening, hang the washing out instead of using the dryer, or take the dog for a walk
• Involve the whole family – organise weekend activities which encourage the whole family to be active and spend quality time together. Some suggestions include bush walking, cycling, learning to surf, indoor rock climbing, and backyard cricket

Stay Motivated

Sticking with your fitness program can be a hard task! Many start their exercise regime and then stop because they are bored or the results come too slowly. People begin exercise for different reasons. You need to decide why starting exercise is important to YOU!

Here are some tips to keep you from throwing in the towel:

• Set goals - be SMART therefore set specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time focused goals.   Challenge yourself through your exercise program whilst still being SMART. Consider both the short and the long term to give yourself something to strive for.
• Start slowly - you’ve heard the saying “too hard, too fast”, you don’t want to burn out and be forced to abandon your program due to injury or pain. Begin your exercise at a comfortable level and slowly progress as you feel you start to improve.
• Think variety - consider various types of exercise to keep boredom at bay. Alternate walking or running with swimming, or move your indoors routine outside - weather permitting!
• Track your progress - an exercise diary may be useful to keep a record of each session; track what you did, how long you exercised for and how you felt afterwards. Documenting your efforts can help you work towards your goals and serve to remind  you that you’re making progress.
• Have fun - what makes you tick? You’re more likely to stick with an exercise program if you’re doing something you enjoy. There is a wide array of choices out there if you think outside the square. If you’re not sure, have a go and you might just discover a new love!

References
www.health.gov.au 
www.mayoclinic.com/health/fitness/sm99999
www.haddinsfitness.com.au/

Exercise and Weight Loss – Getting the Balance Right

When it comes to exercise, it’s often difficult to know where to start. There are many different approaches from ‘do it yourself’ gym memberships, group exercise, personal trainers. The Biggest Loser television program provides an extreme view of exercise and weight loss. Don’t forget contestants are recommended to consume only 1200 calories per day compared to their pre-program intake of 5,000 plus calories per day reminding us that calorie control is the first step in any weight loss journey. Calorie control comes from the quality and quantity of food we consume.

The Goal

There is no right or wrong answer but you need to find a routine that is going to complement your goals. Are you trying to lose weight, maintain a healthy weight or just improve your fitness? Also it needs to be practical for your lifestyle and still allows time for adequate rest. With weight loss, the primary goal of exercise is calorie expenditure from burning fat as the preferred fuel for our muscles. But if your exercise intensity is too high, then your body switches to burning stored sugars for fuel and tiredness and hunger can set in. Going too hard, too early can also lead to soreness and injury and a feeling of it’s not going to work. So working out with a personal trainer can be great for working up a sweat but not so great for weight loss.

Frequency and Consistency

With any form of exercise frequency and consistency are the key. Establishing some form of physical activity that is a regular part of your routine, 4-6 days per week, is ideal. Choosing the right exercise is simple, walking, gym classes, swimming, riding and even the Wii fit are all good options, as long as you are getting your heart rate up for an extended period, preferably 30 mins or more. Increasing your heart rate to the right intensity means you will burn fat as the preferred fuel source, the longer you do it the more you burn.

Enjoyment

When the alarm goes at 5:30am getting out of bed for something we enjoy makes it a lot easier. So think about an activity you will still enjoy on the days when you are lacking motivation or tired? We recommend walking as the best option because walking means putting on some decent shoes and heading out the door for half an hour. It also is the most efficient way to mainly burn fat during exercise. Other exercises like cycling or swimming are also great for elevating your heart rate and what is even better is varying your routine between all three to really add some spice to your routine. Activities you can do with other people give you that motivation not to miss a session.

Burning Fat = Losing Weight

During exercise fats and carbohydrates are metabolized for energy. As exercise intensity increases the fuel mix needed changes from predominantly fat to stored sugars. Our body stores sugars in the liver and muscles but only enough for several hours of intense exercise so when these stores are used they will need to be replenished through diet. That is what marathon runners do during a race. Burning fat stores is what we want to achieve when losing or maintaining weight is our goal. This occurs at lower exercise intensities. Each kg of fat stored has enough stored energy to power us for 25 hours of walking or150 kilometres at a brisk walking speed.

How Hard
Intensity (or heart rate achieved) of exercise is a critical aspect when it comes to weight loss and weight management. Intensity can be broken into ranges from light through to vigorous which is determined by the energy demands placed on the body. As exercise intensity increases so do the body’s responses, including higher respiratory rates, increased blood flow to the large muscle groups and the greater need for nutrients and fuel.

Heart Rate for Burning Fat as the Preferred Fuel Source
Heart rate and age are often used to estimate a target heart rate range for fat burning
Minimum target heart rate = (220 – age) x 65%

Maximum target heart rate = (220 – age) x 75%

For example, a 40 year old person’s minimum target heart rate is calculated as:

(220 – 40) x 0.65 = 180 x 0.65 = 117 beats per minute

Their maximum target heart rate is calculated as:

(220 – 40) x 0.75 = 180 x 0.75 = 135 beats per minute

So in this example keeping our heart rate between 117 and 135 beats per minute will keep us burning fat as our primary fuel source.

Tips

Heart Rate Monitors (HRMs) are an accurate way of recording your exercise intensity. Another rule of thumb is to make sure you can still hold a conversation while exercising. If your breathing rate is so high that you can’t talk, then you are probably burning sugars and not fat.

Routine
Completing your exercise sessions at the same time each day can be very helpful and enable you to stick to routine more effectively as well as eliminating any exercise-related motivational issues you may have. Initially, you may find that your exercise intensity is the component you find the most difficult to keep up, however this will ease over time as your body adapts to the routine and becomes fitter.

Stay Cool This Summer – How to Avoid Heat Illness

Despite what has been an unseasonably mild summer to date, the hotter days are becoming more frequent and it is important to be aware of the dangers of exercising during this time of year. Summer climates increase the risk of developing heat illnesses such as heat stroke when exercising, resulting in many debilitating health complications such as:

• Feelings of tiredness, weakness, dizziness and faintness
• Dehydration and headaches
• Excessive fatigue
• Heat cramps

So what can you do to help yourself avoid these possible side effects?

Pre-exercise

• Hydrate effectively – Daily water requirements during summer increase to a minimum of 4L per day
• Drink 2-3 cups of water 2 hours before and 1 cup 10-15min before undertaking exercise
• Avoid hot foods, alcohol and heavy foods that increase your core temperature
• Choose lightweight, light-colored and loose-fitting clothing as well as wearing a hat
• Use sun block with an SPF rating of 15+ or higher

During exercise

• Avoid exercise during the hottest time of day; train closer to sunrise or sunset
• Drink 1 cup of water every 15minutes throughout exercise
• If you feel any headaches, fatigue or irritability or notice your exercise performance decreasing, stop exercising and cool off

Post-exercise

• Weigh yourself before and after exercise and replace any lost fluids accordingly
• Drink 1.5L of water for every kilogram of fluid you lost during exercise
• Try to avoid too much sports drink, however for intense exercise above 60min, these may help to further accelerate water intake after exercise in the heat

Remember: Planning ahead for exercise in the heat will assist you in avoiding the health complications associated with heat illness this summer.

References

How Much Exercise Do I Need to Do to Lose Weight?

The amount of exercise you need to do depends on your weight loss goal. If your goal is:

1. Weight loss 150-250 minutes of moderate intensity* physical activity per week provides modest weight loss. People with a body mass index that classifies them as overweight or obese should aim for more than 250 minutes of exercise per week (e.g. 5 sessions of one hour per week) and perform resistance training to increase the amount of metabolically active muscle tissue in their bodies and reduce their health risks.

2. Weight maintenance More than 250 minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity per week (e.g. 5 sessions of 50 minutes per week).

3. Preventing weight gain 150-250 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week (e.g. 5 sessions of 30 - 50 minutes per week).

*Moderate intensity physical activity is an increase in your breathing rate to a point where you are still able to talk comfortably but not sing. A more technical explanation is that it is exercising in a range of 65-75% of your maximum heart rate. Modes of exercise which are best suited to moderate intensity exercise are brisk walking, swimming, bike riding or cardio machines at the gym. Exercise should be continuous rather than in short bursts (these short bursts occur in sports such as tennis or touch football).

Remember that it's very difficult to lose weight through exercise alone. If you try to lose weight without reducing your calorie intake you'll need to exercise for at least 300 minutes a week! The best way to lose weight is to exercise AND consume fewer calories. Not only will you lose weight at a faster rate, but by engaging in regular aerobic exercise you'll keep the weight off for life.

Reference
Donnelly, J. et al., 2009, ' Appropriate Physical Activity Intervention Strategies for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain for Adults', Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 41:459-471.

Five Tips for Easier Weight Loss

When it comes to changing your lifestyle, it's human nature to look for the easiest option. So why not make the easiest option the healthiest option? Here are five tips to get you started:

1. Write a meal plan Create a weekly meal plan that accommodates your daily appointments, work commitments and children’s activities. On nights where time is precious, schedule in leftovers from the night before. Leftovers are a better option than takeaway meals as they are more nutritious and lower in calories - and they will save you money. No plan = no organisation, and no organisation = stress. And stress can make weight loss very difficult!

2. Include snacks in your meal plan To maintain your metabolism you need to eat every 2-3 hours (see our post about meal timing for weight loss). When choosing snack foods, plan nutritious foods from the five food groups, and make sure you serve yourself enough to leave you feeling satisfied for at least two hours. See our article on healthy snack ideas.

3. Write a shopping list – and stick to it! Compile a shopping list from your weekly meal plan. Shop once or twice a week to keep your pantry and fridge stocked with the ingredients you need. If you follow your list when shopping, you will be less likely to make impulse purchases.

4. Organise your pantry and fridge Keep commonly used foods in easily accessible spots in your fridge and pantry. And place calorie dense foods such as biscuits, chips and chocolate at the back of the top shelf of your pantry away from sight.

5. Plan your exercise When you are busy exercise can be the first thing to disappear from your 'to do' list. By scheduling exercise sessions on a weekly planner or diary, you are reserving this time to work on your health and fitness before you fill it with other duties. You make time for events such as medical appointments, work meetings, and coffee with friends – why not make an appointment with yourself (or with a friend or personal trainer) to exercise? It's just as important! Schedule slot for exercise and adjust your other commitments to accommodate it.

Exercise Can Lower Bowel Cancer Risk

Did you know that people who exercise are 24% less likely to develop bowel cancer than those who don't? The protective effect of exercise holds for all types of physical activity, including recreational exercise (such as walking, jogging, bike riding or swimming) and job-related physical activity (such as walking, lifting or digging).

In Australia, 1 in 10 males and 1 in 15 females have been diagnosed with bowel cancer by the age of 85, with the risk increasing sharply by age 45. Bowel cancer now accounts for 10% of all deaths from invasive cancers and is now the second most common cause of cancer-related death after lung cancer.

Are you at risk of developing bowel cancer? Take a risk rating quiz. To find out how much exercise you should be doing, see our article Exercise for Weight Loss and Maintenance. If you need some tips to get you started, see our article Find Your Motivation to Exercise.

Reference:
Wolin et al. 2009, 'Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis' British Journal of Cancer